Environment

Publication Title: 
Research in Gerontological Nursing

The current review addresses the need for increased use of evidence-based, nonpharmacological therapies for individuals with dementia. To facilitate understanding of the potential efficacy of nonpharmacological therapies on cognitive functioning for individuals with dementia, the mechanisms of action for selected therapies are described, including the assessment method used to identify the mechanism.

Author(s): 
Burgener, Sandy C.
Jao, Ying-Ling
Anderson, Joel G.
Bossen, Ann L.
Publication Title: 
The American Journal of Occupational Therapy: Official Publication of the American Occupational Therapy Association

PURPOSE. We conducted a systematic review examining the extent to which pediatric intervention research recently published in the American Journal of Occupational Therapy reflects occupational therapy's holistic occupation-based tenets. METHOD. We surveyed 10 systematic reviews and analyzed 38 single effectiveness studies for intervention approach, type, level of environmental targeting, level of occupational task and participation practice, and measures used. RESULTS.

Author(s): 
Kreider, Consuelo M.
Bendixen, Roxanna M.
Huang, Yu Yun
Lim, Yoonjeong
Publication Title: 
Gene

Isolation of intact and pure genomic DNA (gDNA) is essential for many molecular biology applications. It is difficult to isolate pure DNA from mature trees of hot and dry desert regions because of the accumulation of high level of polysaccharides, phenolic compounds, tannins etc. We hereby report the standardized protocol for the isolation and purification of gDNA from seven ecologically and medically important tree species of Combretaceae viz. Anogeissus (Anogeissus sericea var.

Author(s): 
Gupta, Amit Kumar
Harish, null
Rai, Manoj Kumar
Phulwaria, Mahendra
Shekhawat, Narpat Singh
Publication Title: 
Oncogene

A wide range of human diseases, including cancer, has a striking age-dependent onset. However, the molecular mechanisms that connect aging and cancer are just beginning to be unraveled. FOXO transcription factors are promising candidates to serve as molecular links between longevity and tumor suppression. These factors are major substrates of the protein kinase Akt. In the presence of insulin and growth factors, FOXO proteins are relocalized from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and degraded via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway.

Author(s): 
Greer, Eric L.
Brunet, Anne
Publication Title: 
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

The burden of protein misfolding is believed to contribute to aging. However, the links between adaptations to conditions associated with protein misfolding and resistance to the time-dependent attrition of cellular function remain poorly understood. We report that worms lacking aip-1, a homologue of mammalian AIRAP (arsenic-inducible proteasomal 19S regulatory particle-associated protein), are not only impaired in their ability to resist exposure to arsenite but also exhibit shortened lifespan and hypersensitivity to misfolding-prone proteins under normal laboratory conditions.

Author(s): 
Yun, Chi
Stanhill, Ariel
Yang, Yun
Zhang, Yuhong
Haynes, Cole M.
Xu, Chong-Feng
Neubert, Thomas A.
Mor, Adam
Philips, Mark R.
Ron, David
Publication Title: 
Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology

Calcium deficiency is a constant menace to land-abiding animals, including mammals. Humans enjoying exceptional longevity on earth are especially susceptible to calcium deficiency in old age.

Author(s): 
Fujita, T.
Publication Title: 
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

To live beyond the octogenarian years, population and molecular genetic studies of centenarian sibships indicate that genetic factors play an increasingly important role as the limit of life span is approached. These factors are likely to influence basic mechanisms of aging that in turn broadly influence susceptibility to age-related illnesses. Lacking genetic variations that predispose to disease as well as having variations that confer disease resistance (longevity enabling genes) are probably both important to achieving exceptional old age.

Author(s): 
Perls, Thomas
Publication Title: 
Ageing Research Reviews

MicroRNAs, a class of small, non-coding RNAs, are now widely known for their importance in many aspects of biology. These small regulatory RNAs have critical functions in diverse biological events, including development and disease. Recent findings show that microRNAs are essential for lifespan determination in the model organisms, Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila, suggesting that microRNAs are also involved in the complex process of ageing.

Author(s): 
Kato, Masaomi
Slack, Frank J.
Publication Title: 
Ageing Research Reviews

Ageing in diverse species ranging from yeast to humans is associated with the gradual, lifelong accumulation of molecular and cellular damage. Autophagy, a conserved lysosomal, self-destructive process involved in protein and organelle degradation, plays an essential role in both cellular and whole-animal homeostasis. Accumulating evidence now indicates that autophagic degradation declines with age and this gradual reduction of autophagy might have a causative role in the functional deterioration of biological systems during ageing.

Author(s): 
Lionaki, Eirini
Markaki, Maria
Tavernarakis, Nektarios
Publication Title: 
Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

When growing on solid surfaces, yeast, like other microorganisms, develops organized multicellular populations (colonies and biofilms) that are composed of differentiated cells with specialized functions. Life within these populations is a prevalent form of microbial existence in natural settings that provides the cells with capabilities to effectively defend against environmental attacks as well as efficiently adapt and survive long periods of starvation and other stresses.

Author(s): 
V·chov·, Libuöe
C·p, Michal
Palkov·, Zdena

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