Femur

OBJECTIVE: Physical interventions (nonpharmacological and nonsurgical) are the mainstay of treatment for patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS). Physiotherapy is the most common of all physical interventions and includes specific vastus medialis obliquus or general quadriceps strengthening and/or realignment procedures (tape, brace, stretching). These treatments appear to be based on sound theoretical rationale and have attained widespread acceptance, but evidence for the efficacy of these interventions is not well established.

STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review of the literature. OBJECTIVES: To develop a grading scale to judge the quality of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and conduct a systematic review of the published RCTs that assess nonoperative treatments for patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS). BACKGROUND: Systematic reviews of the quality and usefulness of clinical trials allow for efficient synthesis and dissemination of the literature, which should facilitate clinicians' efforts to incorporate principles of evidence-based practice in the clinical decision-making process.

Cementless femoral fixation has been established as the gold standard for hip arthroplasty in young patients because of its exceptional longevity. Because older Americans are living longer and staying active, cementless femoral fixation for hip arthroplasty should be considered in all patients who have good bone quality. Numerous studies have shown excellent results using cementless fixation for hip arthroplasty in elderly patients. Histologic analysis, radiographic review, and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry have shown solid osseointegration for biologic fixation and minimal bone loss.

Chronic sclerosing osteomyelitis is a rare variety of primary osteomyelitis located principally on the diaphysis of the long bones in adults. Pain is the main symptom, but biological signs are negative or normal, and histological examination is non-specific. X-rays are very stereotyped with enlargement of the cortex of diaphyseal bone. This disease is note worthy by its difficult diagnosis, and is often misdiagnosed as bone tumor, malignant or benign, especially osteoid osteoma.

Withania somnifera or Ashwagandha is a medicinal herb of Ayurveda. Though the extract and purified molecules, withanolides, from this plant have been shown to have different pharmacological activities, their effect on bone formation has not been studied. Here, we show that one of the withanolide, withaferin A (WFA) acts as a proteasomal inhibitor (PI) and binds to specific catalytic β subunit of the 20S proteasome. It exerts positive effect on osteoblast by increasing osteoblast proliferation and differentiation.

Praval bhasma (PB; Coral calx) is a natural source of rich calcium widely used in traditional system of Indian medicine as a supplement in the treatment of variety of bone metabolic disorders associated with calcium deficiency. The present study was designed to investigate the inhibitory effects of Praval bhasma on the progress of bone loss induced by ovariectomy and concurrent calcium deficiency (CD-OVX).

Withania somnifera or Ashwagandha is a medicinal herb of Ayurveda. Though the extract and purified molecules, withanolides, from this plant have been shown to have different pharmacological activities, their effect on bone formation has not been studied. Here, we show that one of the withanolide, withaferin A (WFA) acts as a proteasomal inhibitor (PI) and binds to specific catalytic β subunit of the 20S proteasome. It exerts positive effect on osteoblast by increasing osteoblast proliferation and differentiation.

Consumption of green tea may reduce body weight gain. Although many disorders are related to obesity, bone mass is positively correlated with body mass. Therefore, our purpose in this study was to determine the effects of green tea extract (GTE) on bone mass and architecture in rapidly growing lean [C57BL/6 wild type (WT)] and genetically obese, leptin-deficient (ob/ob) male mice. Five-week-old lean and ob/ob mice were assigned to diets containing GTE at 0, 1, or 2% for 6 wk. Femoral and lumbar vertebral bone volume and architecture were evaluated by micro-computed tomography (muCT).

Clinical evidence indicates that fat is inversely proportional to bone mass in elderly obese women. However, it remains unclear whether obesity accelerates bone loss. In this report we present evidence that increased visceral fat leads to inflammation and subsequent bone loss in 12-month-old C57BL/6J mice that were fed 10% corn oil (CO)-based diet and a control lab chow (LC) for 6 months. As expected from our previous work, CO-fed mice demonstrated increased visceral fat and enhanced total body fat mass compared to LC.

OBJECTIVE: Prebiotics and phytoestrogens have sparked great interest because evidence indicates that the consumption of these dietary constituents leads to lower cholesterol levels and inhibition of postmenopausal bone loss. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of both a prebiotic (Synergy) and a phytoestrogen (genistein) on bone and blood lipid levels in an animal model of postmenopausal women.