Gastric Mucosa

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric cancer. Due to its high global prevalence and uprising resistance to available antibiotics, efforts are now directed to identify alternative source to treat and prevent associated disorders.

Effects of ifenprodil tartrate, a potent vasodilator, on the autonomic, peripheral and central nerve system were studied in experimental animals. In isolated vas deferens of guinea pigs, the contraction in response to noradrenaline and sympathetic nerve stimulation was competetively antagonized by ifenprodil 10(-7)--10(-5) M (pA2: 7.69 against noradrenaline). Ifenprodil (50 approximately 1,000 mug/kg i.v.) inhibited the contraction of cat nictitating membrane and dog urinary bladder induced by sympathetic nerve stimulation.

Results of a study are reported of a study of the concentration of biologically active substances such as histamine, serotonin, noradrenaline, adrenalin, corticotropin and indices of gastric secretion in ulcer disease patients at the stage of exacerbation receiving microwave resonance therapy and hypnotherapy. The obtained results evidence that hypnotherapy and microwave resonance therapy are pathogenetic methods of treatment of patients with ulcer disease. Combined treatment proved more effective.

In this study the antinociceptive and the gastroprotective effects of orally administered or inhaled Lavandula hybrida Reverchon "Grosso" essential oil, and its principal constituents linalool and linalyl acetate were evaluated in rodents. Either when orally administered (100 mg/kg) or inhaled for 60 min lavender essential oil significantly reduced the acetic acid-writhing response in a naloxone-sensitive manner.

Use of a traditional preparation of copper, tamrabhasma, has been suggested in Ayurvedic texts for peptic ulcer. The anti-ulcerogenic effect of copper per se has not been reported in the literature. In the present study the anti-ulcerogenic effect of tamrabhasma was observed in 8-h immobilised, 4-h pylorus-ligated, and aspirin-induced gastric ulcers in rats. The anti-ulcerogenic effect of the drug was also studied in histamine-induced gastric and duodenal ulcers in male guinea pigs. The minimal oral effective anti-ulcerogenic dose of tamrabhasma has been determined to be 1 mg/kg.

Centella asiatica is commonly mentioned as a Rasayana in Ayurveda, an ancient system of Indian medicine for various ailments including abdominal disorders. Rasayanas have been advocated for use in rejuvenation therapy. The present study was conducted to evaluate the possible anti-ulcerogenic activity of fresh juice of C. asiatica (CAJ) against ethanol-, aspirin-, cold-restraint stress- and pyloric ligation induced gastric ulcers in rats.

Bacopa monniera Wettst. (BM, syn. Herpestis monniera L; Scrophulariaceae), is an Ayurvedic drug used as a rasayana. Its fresh juice was earlier reported to have significant antiulcerogenic activity. In continuation, methanolic extract of BM (BME) standardized to bacoside-A content (percentage-38.0 +/- 0.9), when given in the dose of 10-50 mg/kg, twice daily for 5 days, showed dose-dependent anti-ulcerogenic on various gastric ulcer models induced by ethanol, aspirin, 2 h cold restraint stress and 4 h pylorus ligation.

Cissus quadrangularis is an indigenous plant commonly mentioned in Ayurveda for treatment of gastric ulcers. The ulcer-protective effect of a methanolic extract of C. quadrangularis (CQE) was comparable to that of the reference drug sucralfate. Further, gastric juice and mucosal studies showed that CQE at a dose of 500 mg/kg given for 10 days significantly increased the mucosal defensive factors like mucin secretion, mucosal cell proliferation, glycoproteins, and life span of cells.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Cyclea peltata (Lam.) Hook. f. & Thoms. (Menispermaceae), locally called 'Padathaali/Padakizhangu' is used in Ayurvedic medicine to treat peptic ulcer. AIM OF THE STUDY: To evaluate the gastric antisecretory and antiulcer activity of Cyclea peltata. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The ethanolic extract of Cyclea peltata root was used to evaluate its gastric antisecretory and antiulcer effect in the pylorus-ligated rat model and gastric lesions induced by ethanol or ethanol and indomethacin respectively in rats.