Skull

Eighty-two people dating from 1975 to 1879 compared with 182 modern middle-class White and Black skeletons test the myths of radical changes produced by improved diet, less disease, and nineteenth century immigration. Longevity increases and health and growth improvement is clearest in reduced juvenile deaths (census data) and deepening of true pelvis. Stature increase is minimal (though seventeenth century Londoners and modern West Africans are shorter than Colonial to Modern Americans); teeth deteriorate and for cultural reasons fractures increase. Clavicles and forearms elongate.

OBJECTIVE: To study the application of one-stage operation of ventriculo-peritoneal shunt and cranioplasty for hydrocephalus complicated by skull defect. METHOD: The clinical records of 54 patients with hydrocephalus complicated by skull defect treated with one-stage operation of ventriculo-peritoneal shunt and cranioplasty were reviewed in comparison with those of 30 patients receiving two-stage operations.

Entrainment is the integration or harmonization of oscillators. All organisms pulsate with myriad electrical and mechanical rhythms. Many of these rhythms emanate from synchronized pulsating cells (eg, pacemaker cells, cortical neurons). The cranial rhythmic impulse is an oscillation recognized by many bodywork practitioners, but the functional origin of this impulse remains uncertain. We propose that the cranial rhythmic impulse is the palpable perception of entrainment, a harmonic frequency that incorporates the rhythms of multiple biological oscillators.

Bone cells and their precursors are sensitive to changes in their biomechanical environment. The importance of mechanical stimuli has been observed in bone homeostasis and osteogenesis, but the mechanisms responsible for osteogenic induction in response to mechanical signals are poorly understood. We hypothesized that compressive forces could exert an osteogenic effect on osteoblasts and act in a dose-dependent manner. To test our hypothesis, electrospun poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL) scaffolds were used as a 3-D microenvironment for osteoblast culture.

CONTEXT: Case reports and clinical trials have indicated that osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) may improve motor function and quality of life for children with cerebral palsy. OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of osteopathy in the cranial field, myofascial release, or both versus acupuncture in children with moderate to severe spastic cerebral palsy, as measured by several outcomes instruments in a randomized controlled trial.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this work was to investigate the effects of cranial electrical stimulation (CES) on sleep disturbances, depressive symptoms, and caregiving appraisal. METHODS: Thirty-eight participants were randomly assigned to receive active CES or sham CES for 4 weeks. RESULTS: Both intervention groups demonstrated improvement in study measures from baseline scores. A trend toward statistically significant differences in daily sleep disturbances was found between the groups. No differences in depressive symptoms and caregiving appraisal were found between the groups.

The 'idiopathic' dacryostenosis has not yet been cleared up in its aetiological aspects. For further explanation of aetiology and pathomechanisms an experimental, anatomical study was made. Its object was to define the angles and measurements within the bony lacrimal structures and to establish possible connections between the development of the postsaccal stenosis and certain bony constellations of the lacrimal system.

This paper is designed to report the results of a clinical study of the children presenting with neurologic pathology for the detection of the most common concomitant craniovertebral disorders. In addition, the experience of application of the methods for comprehensive rehabilitation is presented with special reference to remedial exercises, manual therapy, massage, and other physiotherapeutic procedures.

Intentional modification of the infant's head has been commonly practiced at all times and in virtually every region of the inhabited world. Motives included aesthetic perception of the human head, greater attractiveness, symbolization of ethnic identity, demonstration of noble origin or sociocultural status, and supposed health benefits. The desired shape was achieved by repeated hand massage, or by using devices like cradleboards, which were applied throughout infancy. In some regions, infant head shaping was the rule rather than the exception.