Adipocytes

Publication Title: 
Journal of Ethnopharmacology

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: The fruits of Terminalia bellerica Roxb. (Combretaceae) and T. chebula Retz. (Combretaceae) are important components of triphala, a popular Ayurvedic formulation, for treating diabetes in Indian traditional medicine. AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the constituents of T. bellerica and T. chebula fruit extracts on PPAR? and PPAR? signaling/expression, cellular glucose uptake and adipogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: PPAR? and PPAR?

Author(s): 
Yang, Min Hye
Vasquez, Yelkaira
Ali, Zulfiqar
Khan, Ikhlas A.
Khan, Shabana I.
Publication Title: 
Planta Medica

Medicinal plants are a rich source of ligands for nuclear receptors. The present study was aimed to screen a collection of plant extracts for PPAR?/?-activating properties and identify the active extract that can stimulate cellular glucose uptake without enhancing the adipogenesis. A reporter gene assay was performed to screen ethanolic extracts of 263 plant species, belonging to 94 families, for activation of PPAR? and PPAR?. Eight extracts showed activation of PPAR?, while 22 extracts showed activation of PPAR?.

Author(s): 
Yang, Min Hye
Avula, Bharathi
Smillie, Troy
Khan, Ikhlas A.
Khan, Shabana I.
Publication Title: 
BioFactors (Oxford, England)

The thiazolidinedione (TZDs) class of drugs are very effective for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). But due to the adverse effects of synthetic TZDs, their use is strictly regulated. The therapeutic actions of TZDs are mediated via modulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR?). Naturally occurring PPAR? modulators are more desirable as they lack the serious adverse effects caused by TZDs. This has prompted the exploitation of medicinal plants used in traditional medicine, for their potential PPAR? activity.

Author(s): 
Shyni, Gangadharan Leela
Kavitha, Sasidharan
Indu, Sasidharan
Arya, Anil Das
Anusree, Sasidharan Suseela
Vineetha, Vadavanath Prabhakaran
Vandana, Sankar
Sundaresan, Andikannu
Raghu, Kozhiparambil Gopalan
Publication Title: 
Nature

Calorie restriction extends lifespan in organisms ranging from yeast to mammals. In yeast, the SIR2 gene mediates the life-extending effects of calorie restriction. Here we show that the mammalian SIR2 orthologue, Sirt1 (sirtuin 1), activates a critical component of calorie restriction in mammals; that is, fat mobilization in white adipocytes. Upon food withdrawal Sirt1 protein binds to and represses genes controlled by the fat regulator PPAR-gamma (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma), including genes mediating fat storage.

Author(s): 
Picard, FrÈdÈric
Kurtev, Martin
Chung, Namjin
Topark-Ngarm, Acharawan
Senawong, Thanaset
Machado De Oliveira, Rita
Leid, Mark
McBurney, Michael W.
Guarente, Leonard
Publication Title: 
Biomedical Materials (Bristol, England)

Adipose tissue engineering has recently gained significant attention from materials scientists as a result of the exponential growth of soft tissue filler procedures being performed within the clinic. While several injectable materials are currently being marketed for filling subcutaneous voids, they often face limited longevity due to rapid resorption. Their inability to encourage natural adipose formation or ingrowth necessitates repeated injections for a prolonged effect and thus classifies them as temporary fillers.

Author(s): 
Young, D. A.
Christman, K. L.
Publication Title: 
Cellular and molecular life sciences: CMLS

The insulin signaling pathway regulates whole-body glucose homeostasis by transducing extracellular signals from the insulin receptor (IR) to downstream intracellular targets, thus coordinating a multitude of biological functions. Dysregulation of IR or its signal transduction is associated with insulin resistance, which may culminate in type 2 diabetes. Following initial stimulation of IR, insulin signaling diverges into different pathways, activating multiple substrates that have roles in various metabolic and cellular processes.

Author(s): 
Ramalingam, Latha
Oh, Eunjin
Thurmond, Debbie C.
Publication Title: 
PloS One

Stem cells are increasingly the focus of translational research as well as having emerging roles in human cellular therapy. To support these uses there is a need for improved methods for in vivo cell localization and tracking. In this study, we examined the effects of cell labeling on the in vitro functionality of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Our results provide a basis for future in vivo studies investigating implanted cell fate and longevity.

Author(s): 
Blaber, Sinead P.
Hill, Cameron J.
Webster, Rebecca A.
Say, Jana M.
Brown, Louise J.
Wang, Shih-Chang
Vesey, Graham
Herbert, Benjamin Ross
Publication Title: 
Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)

The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) has four Sir2 paralogs, sir-2.1, sir-2.2, sir-2.3, and sir-2.4. Thus far, most of the research tools to study worm sirtuins have been developed for sir-2.1, due to its homology to yeast SIR2 and human SIRT1. Here, we have compiled a listing of the currently available strains (including both loss-of-function alleles and transgenics), antibodies, and RNAi constructs relevant to studies on all C. elegans sirtuin family members. We also describe the methods used in the analysis of C.

Author(s): 
Viswanathan, Mohan
Tissenbaum, Heidi A.
Publication Title: 
Mechanisms of Ageing and Development

Aging in humans is associated with alterations in body fat distribution and a parallel gradual increase in the prevalence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, as well as mortality of all causes. Because of nutrient cost, availability, and the sedentary life-style, half of the western world population has fat mass in excess of 30% of the body weight that weighs 3-4 times more than the fat mass of lean subjects.

Author(s): 
Gabriely, I.
Barzilai, N.
Publication Title: 
Nature

Calorie restriction extends lifespan in organisms ranging from yeast to mammals. In yeast, the SIR2 gene mediates the life-extending effects of calorie restriction. Here we show that the mammalian SIR2 orthologue, Sirt1 (sirtuin 1), activates a critical component of calorie restriction in mammals; that is, fat mobilization in white adipocytes. Upon food withdrawal Sirt1 protein binds to and represses genes controlled by the fat regulator PPAR-gamma (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma), including genes mediating fat storage.

Author(s): 
Picard, FrÈdÈric
Kurtev, Martin
Chung, Namjin
Topark-Ngarm, Acharawan
Senawong, Thanaset
Machado De Oliveira, Rita
Leid, Mark
McBurney, Michael W.
Guarente, Leonard

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