Adipose Tissue, White

Publication Title: 
Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta

Members of the sirtuin family of NAD(+)-dependent protein deacetylases are important regulators of longevity in yeast, worms, and flies. Mammals have seven sirtuins (SIRT1-7), each characterized by differences in subcellular localization, substrate preference, and biological function. While it is unclear whether sirtuins regulate aging in mammals, it is clear that sirtuins influence diverse aspects of their metabolism. Indeed, SIRT1 promotes oxidation of fatty acids in liver and skeletal muscle, cholesterol metabolism in liver, and lipid mobilization in white adipose tissue.

Author(s): 
Lomb, David J.
Laurent, GaÎlle
Haigis, Marcia C.
Publication Title: 
Mechanisms of Ageing and Development

Caloric restriction (CR) slows the aging process and extends longevity, but the exact underlying mechanisms remain debatable. It has recently been suggested that the beneficial action of CR may be mediated in part by adipose tissue remodeling. Mammals have two types of adipose tissue: white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT). In this study, proteome analysis using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis combined with MALDI-TOF MS, and subsequent analyses were performed on both WAT and BAT from 9-month-old male rats fed ad libitum or subjected to CR for 6 months.

Author(s): 
Okita, Naoyuki
Hayashida, Yusuke
Kojima, Yumiko
Fukushima, Mayumi
Yuguchi, Keiko
Mikami, Kentaro
Yamauchi, Akiko
Watanabe, Kyoko
Noguchi, Mituru
Nakamura, Megumi
Toda, Toshifusa
Higami, Yoshikazu
Publication Title: 
Nature

Adiponectin secreted from adipocytes binds to adiponectin receptors AdipoR1 and AdipoR2, and exerts antidiabetic effects via activation of AMPK and PPAR-? pathways, respectively. Levels of adiponectin in plasma are reduced in obesity, which causes insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Thus, orally active small molecules that bind to and activate AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 could ameliorate obesity-related diseases such as type 2 diabetes. Here we report the identification of orally active synthetic small-molecule AdipoR agonists.

Author(s): 
Okada-Iwabu, Miki
Yamauchi, Toshimasa
Iwabu, Masato
Honma, Teruki
Hamagami, Ken-ichi
Matsuda, Koichi
Yamaguchi, Mamiko
Tanabe, Hiroaki
Kimura-Someya, Tomomi
Shirouzu, Mikako
Ogata, Hitomi
Tokuyama, Kumpei
Ueki, Kohjiro
Nagano, Tetsuo
Tanaka, Akiko
Yokoyama, Shigeyuki
Kadowaki, Takashi
Publication Title: 
Cellular Immunology

Macrophage infiltration into adipose tissue is a hallmark of obesity. We recently reported two phenotypically distinct subsets of adipose tissue macrophages (ATM) based on the surface expression of the glycoprotein F4/80 and responsiveness to treatment with a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma agonist. Hence, we hypothesized that F4/80(hi) and F4/80(lo) ATM differentially express PPAR gamma. This study phenotypically and functionally characterizes F4/80(hi) and F4/80(lo) ATM subsets during obesity.

Author(s): 
Bassaganya-Riera, Josep
Misyak, Sarah
Guri, Amir J.
Hontecillas, Raquel
Publication Title: 
Molecular Nutrition & Food Research

Hop-derived products may contain xanthohumol (XN), isoxanthohumol (IX), and the potent phytoestrogen 8-prenylnaringenin (8-PN). To evaluate the potential health effects of these prenylflavonoids on breast tissue, their concentration, nature of metabolites, and biodistribution were assessed and compared with 17beta-estradiol (E(2)) exposure. In this dietary intervention study, women were randomly allocated to hop (n=11; 2.04 mg XN, 1.20 mg IX, and 0.1 mg 8-PN per supplement) or control (n=10).

Author(s): 
Bolca, Selin
Li, Jinghu
Nikolic, Dejan
Roche, Nathalie
Blondeel, Phillip
Possemiers, Sam
De Keukeleire, Denis
Bracke, Marc
Heyerick, Arne
van Breemen, Richard B.
Depypere, Herman
Publication Title: 
European Journal of Nutrition

PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of cocoa powder supplementation on obesity-related inflammation in high fat (HF)-fed obese mice. METHODS: Male C57BL/6J (n = 126) were fed with either low-fat (LF, 10 % kcal from fat) or HF (60 % kcal from fat) diet for 18 weeks. After 8 weeks, mice from HF group were randomized to HF diet or HF diet supplemented with 8 % cocoa powder (HF-HFC group) for 10 weeks. Blood and tissue samples were collected for biochemical analyses.

Author(s): 
Gu, Yeyi
Yu, Shan
Lambert, Joshua D.
Publication Title: 
Nutrition Research (New York, N.Y.)

Extracts from the immature fruit of Citrus aurantium are often used for weight loss but are reported to produce adverse cardiovascular effects. Root extracts of Rhodiola rosea have notable antistress properties. The hypothesis of these studies was that C aurantium (6% synephrine) and R rosea (3% rosavins, 1% salidroside) in combination would improve diet-induced obesity alterations in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats.

Author(s): 
Verpeut, Jessica L.
Walters, Amy L.
Bello, Nicholas T.
Publication Title: 
Journal of Lipid Research

Obesity-associated low-grade chronic inflammation plays an important role in the development of insulin resistance. The membrane lipid transporter ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) promotes formation of nascent HDL particles. ABCA1 also dampens macrophage inflammation by reducing cellular membrane cholesterol and lipid raft content. We tested the hypothesis that myeloid-specific ABCA1 deletion may exacerbate insulin resistance by increasing the obesity-associated chronic low-grade inflammation.

Author(s): 
Zhu, Xuewei
Chung, Soonkyu
Bi, Xin
Chuang, Chia-Chi
Brown, Amanda L.
Liu, Mingxia
Seo, Jeongmin
Cuffe, Helen
Gebre, Abraham K.
Boudyguina, Elena
Parks, John S.
Publication Title: 
The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry

Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds that are abundant in fruits and vegetables, and increasing evidence demonstrates a positive relationship between consumption of flavonoid-rich foods and disease prevention. Epidemiological, in vitro and animal studies support the beneficial effects of dietary flavonoids on glucose and lipid homeostasis.

Author(s): 
Babu, Pon Velayutham Anandh
Liu, Dongmin
Gilbert, Elizabeth R.
Publication Title: 
Molecular Nutrition & Food Research

Hop-derived products may contain xanthohumol (XN), isoxanthohumol (IX), and the potent phytoestrogen 8-prenylnaringenin (8-PN). To evaluate the potential health effects of these prenylflavonoids on breast tissue, their concentration, nature of metabolites, and biodistribution were assessed and compared with 17beta-estradiol (E(2)) exposure. In this dietary intervention study, women were randomly allocated to hop (n=11; 2.04 mg XN, 1.20 mg IX, and 0.1 mg 8-PN per supplement) or control (n=10).

Author(s): 
Bolca, Selin
Li, Jinghu
Nikolic, Dejan
Roche, Nathalie
Blondeel, Phillip
Possemiers, Sam
De Keukeleire, Denis
Bracke, Marc
Heyerick, Arne
van Breemen, Richard B.
Depypere, Herman

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