Alleles

Publication Title: 
Molecular genetics and genomics: MGG

Self-incompatibility in the genus Prunus is controlled by two genes at the S-locus, S-RNase and SFB. Both genes exhibit the high polymorphism and high sequence diversity characteristic of plant self-incompatibility systems. Deduced polypeptide sequences of three myrobalan and three domestic plum S-RNases showed over 97% identity with S-RNases from other Prunus species, including almond, sweet cherry, Japanese apricot and Japanese plum. The second intron, which is generally highly polymorphic between alleles was also remarkably well conserved within these S-allele pairs.

Author(s): 
Sutherland, Bruce G.
Tobutt, Kenneth R.
Robbins, Timothy P.
Publication Title: 
Plant Physiology

Root-knot nematode (RKN) Meloidogyne species are major polyphagous pests of most crops worldwide, and cultivars with durable resistance are urgently needed because of nematicide bans. The Ma gene from the Myrobalan plum (Prunus cerasifera) confers complete-spectrum, heat-stable, and high-level resistance to RKN, which is remarkable in comparison with the Mi-1 gene from tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), the sole RKN resistance gene cloned. We report here the positional cloning and the functional validation of the Ma locus present at the heterozygous state in the P.2175 accession.

Author(s): 
Claverie, Michel
Dirlewanger, Elisabeth
Bosselut, Nathalie
Van Ghelder, Cyril
Voisin, Roger
Kleinhentz, Marc
Lafargue, Bernard
Abad, Pierre
Rosso, Marie-Noëlle
Chalhoub, Boulos
Esmenjaud, Daniel
Publication Title: 
The EMBO journal

Telomere loss has been proposed as a mechanism for counting cell divisions during aging in normal somatic cells. How such a mitotic clock initiates the intracellular signalling events that culminate in G1 cell cycle arrest and senescence to restrict the lifespan of normal human cells is not known. We investigated the possibility that critically short telomere length activates a DNA damage response pathway involving p53 and p21(WAF1) in aging cells.

Author(s): 
Vaziri, H.
West, M. D.
Allsopp, R. C.
Davison, T. S.
Wu, Y. S.
Arrowsmith, C. H.
Poirier, G. G.
Benchimol, S.
Publication Title: 
The Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences

The question of whether aging - the process that converts fit adults into frailer adults with a progressively increased risk of illness, injury, and death - is under genetic control is ambiguous, and its answer depends on what one means by aging. Natural selection can select for genes that retard aging, but only in species and niches where the value of prolonged survival outweighs its costs. Although the form aging takes can be affected by variations at many genetic loci the number of loci that moderate the pace of synchronized decay may be far smaller.

Author(s): 
Miller, R. A.
Publication Title: 
Aging Cell

Dampening of insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1) signaling results in the extension of lifespan in invertebrate as well as murine models. The impact of this evolutionarily conserved pathway on the modulation of human lifespan remains unclear. We previously identified two IGF1R mutations (Ala-37-Thr and Arg-407-His) that are enriched in Ashkenazi Jewish centenarians as compared to younger controls and are associated with the reduced activity of the IGF1 receptor as measured in immortalized lymphocytes.

Author(s): 
Tazearslan, Cagdas
Huang, Jing
Barzilai, Nir
Suh, Yousin
Publication Title: 
Mechanisms of Ageing and Development

Subjects with exceptional longevity have a lower incidence and/or significant delay in the onset of age-related disease, and their family members may inherit biological factors that modulate aging processes and disease susceptibility. In a case control study, we aim to determine phenotype and genotype of exceptional longevity in a genetically homogenous population (Ashkenazi Jews), and their offspring, while an age-matched control group of Ashkenazi Jews was used as control groups.

Author(s): 
Atzmon, Gil
Rincon, Marielisa
Rabizadeh, Pegah
Barzilai, Nir
Publication Title: 
PloS One

Like most complex phenotypes, exceptional longevity is thought to reflect a combined influence of environmental (e.g., lifestyle choices, where we live) and genetic factors. To explore the genetic contribution, we undertook a genome-wide association study of exceptional longevity in 801 centenarians (median age at death 104 years) and 914 genetically matched healthy controls.

Author(s): 
Sebastiani, Paola
Solovieff, Nadia
Dewan, Andrew T.
Walsh, Kyle M.
Puca, Annibale
Hartley, Stephen W.
Melista, Efthymia
Andersen, Stacy
Dworkis, Daniel A.
Wilk, Jemma B.
Myers, Richard H.
Steinberg, Martin H.
Montano, Monty
Baldwin, Clinton T.
Hoh, Josephine
Perls, Thomas T.
Publication Title: 
The Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences

The single nucleotide polymorphism, rs2866164, in the MTP gene, has been associated with human longevity but has not been validated by subsequent longevity studies. Using our population of Ashkenazi Jews, we find that the MTP CC genotype is significantly overrepresented in centenarians and their offspring, as compared with controls (p < .05). However, when we examined MTP CC genotype frequency pattern with aging, we observed a monotonic decline between ages 55-85 years followed by a dramatic enrichment after age 90 years, forming a U-shape pattern (p < .05).

Author(s): 
Huffman, Derek M.
Deelen, Joris
Ye, Kenny
Bergman, Aviv
Slagboom, Eline P.
Barzilai, Nir
Atzmon, Gil
Publication Title: 
Age (Dordrecht, Netherlands)

Longevity phenotype in humans results from the influence of environmental and genetic factors. Few gene polymorphisms have been identified so far with a modest effect on lifespan leaving room for the search of other players in the longevity game. It has been recently demonstrated that targeted disruption of the mouse homolog of the human angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) gene (AGTR1) translates into marked prolongation of animal lifespan (Benigni et al., J Clin Invest 119(3):524-530, 2009).

Author(s): 
Benigni, Ariela
Orisio, Silvia
Noris, Marina
Iatropoulos, Paraskevas
Castaldi, Davide
Kamide, Kei
Rakugi, Hiromi
Arai, Yasumichi
Todeschini, Marta
Ogliari, Giulia
Imai, Enyu
Gondo, Yasuyuki
Hirose, Nobuyoshi
Mari, Daniela
Remuzzi, Giuseppe
Publication Title: 
Lipids in Health and Disease

BACKGROUND: The -493G/T polymorphism in the microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) gene is associated with lower serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglyceride (TG) levels and longevity in several populations, but the results are inconsistent in different racial/ethnic groups. The current study was to investigate the plausible association of MTP -493G/T polymorphism with serum lipid levels and longevity in Zhuang long-lived families residing in Bama area, a famous home of longevity in Guangxi, China.

Author(s): 
Pan, Shang-Ling
Luo, Xiao-Qiu
Lu, Ze-Ping
Lu, Shao-Hua
Luo, Huan
Liu, Cheng-Wu
Hu, Cai-You
Yang, Ming
Du, Li-Li
Song, Zhen
Pang, Guo-Fang
Wu, Hua-Yu
Huang, Jin-Bo
Peng, Jun-hua
Yin, Rui-Xing

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