Cell Nucleus

Publication Title: 
Nature

The human malaria parasite Plasmodium vivax is responsible for 25-40% of the approximately 515 million annual cases of malaria worldwide. Although seldom fatal, the parasite elicits severe and incapacitating clinical symptoms and often causes relapses months after a primary infection has cleared. Despite its importance as a major human pathogen, P. vivax is little studied because it cannot be propagated continuously in the laboratory except in non-human primates. We sequenced the genome of P.

Author(s): 
Carlton, Jane M.
Adams, John H.
Silva, Joana C.
Bidwell, Shelby L.
Lorenzi, Hernan
Caler, Elisabet
Crabtree, Jonathan
Angiuoli, Samuel V.
Merino, Emilio F.
Amedeo, Paolo
Cheng, Qin
Coulson, Richard M. R.
Crabb, Brendan S.
Del Portillo, Hernando A.
Essien, Kobby
Feldblyum, Tamara V.
Fernandez-Becerra, Carmen
Gilson, Paul R.
Gueye, Amy H.
Guo, Xiang
Kang'a, Simon
Kooij, Taco W. A.
Korsinczky, Michael
Meyer, Esmeralda V.-S.
Nene, Vish
Paulsen, Ian
White, Owen
Ralph, Stuart A.
Ren, Qinghu
Sargeant, Tobias J.
Salzberg, Steven L.
Stoeckert, Christian J.
Sullivan, Steven A.
Yamamoto, Marcio M.
Hoffman, Stephen L.
Wortman, Jennifer R.
Gardner, Malcolm J.
Galinski, Mary R.
Barnwell, John W.
Fraser-Liggett, Claire M.
Publication Title: 
Molecular Plant

Plants of Artemisia annua produce artemisinin, a sesquiterpene lactone widely used in malaria treatment. Amorpha-4,11-diene synthase (ADS), a sesquiterpene synthase, and CYP71AV1, a P450 monooxygenase, are two key enzymes of the artemisinin biosynthesis pathway. Accumulation of artemisinin can be induced by the phytohormone jasmonate (JA). Here, we report the characterization of two JA-responsive AP2 family transcription factors--AaERF1 and AaERF2--from A. annua L. Both genes were highly expressed in inflorescences and strongly induced by JA.

Author(s): 
Yu, Zong-Xia
Li, Jian-Xu
Yang, Chang-Qing
Hu, Wen-Li
Wang, Ling-Jian
Chen, Xiao-Ya
Publication Title: 
Molecular Cancer Therapeutics

Pinitol (3-O-methyl-chiroinositol), a component of traditional Ayurvedic medicine (talisapatra), has been shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic activities through undefined mechanisms. Because the transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) has been linked with inflammatory diseases, including insulin resistance, we hypothesized that pinitol must mediate its effects through modulation of NF-kappaB activation pathway. We found that pinitol suppressed NF-kappaB activation induced by inflammatory stimuli and carcinogens. This suppression was not specific to cell type.

Author(s): 
Sethi, Gautam
Ahn, Kwang Seok
Sung, Bokyung
Aggarwal, Bharat B.
Publication Title: 
Cancer Research

Berberine, an isoquinoline alkaloid derived from a plant used traditionally in Chinese and Ayurvedic medicine, has been reported to exhibit chemopreventive and anti-inflammatory activities through unknown mechanism. Because of the critical role of the transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) in these processes, we investigated the effect of berberine on this pathway. We found that berberine suppressed NF-kappaB activation induced by various inflammatory agents and carcinogens. This alkaloid also suppressed constitutive NF-kappaB activation found in certain tumor cells.

Author(s): 
Pandey, Manoj K.
Sung, Bokyung
Kunnumakkara, Ajaikumar B.
Sethi, Gautam
Chaturvedi, Madan M.
Aggarwal, Bharat B.
Publication Title: 
Molecular cancer research: MCR

The activation of signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) has been linked with carcinogenesis through survival, proliferation, and angiogenesis of tumor cells. Agents that can suppress STAT3 activation have potential not only for prevention but also for treatment of cancer. In the present report, we investigated whether 5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone (plumbagin), an analogue of vitamin K, and isolated from chitrak (Plumbago zeylanica), an Ayurvedic medicinal plant, can modulate the STAT3 pathway.

Author(s): 
Sandur, Santosh K.
Pandey, Manoj K.
Sung, Bokyung
Aggarwal, Bharat B.
Publication Title: 
BMC genomics

BACKGROUND: Nuclear Factor kappa B (NF-κB) is a transcription factor involved in the regulation of cell signaling responses and is a key regulator of cellular processes involved in the immune response, differentiation, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. The constitutive activation of NF-κB contributes to multiple cellular outcomes and pathophysiological conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, inflammatory bowel disease, AIDS and cancer. Thus there lies a huge therapeutic potential beneath inhibition of NF-κB signalling pathway for reducing these chronic ailments.

Author(s): 
Grover, Abhinav
Shandilya, Ashutosh
Punetha, Ankita
Bisaria, Virendra S.
Sundar, Durai
Publication Title: 
The Indian Journal of Medical Research

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: Curcuma longa (turmeric) has a long history of use in Ayurvedic medicine as a treatment for inflammatory conditions. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the preventive effects of curcumin against acute pancreatitis (AP) induced by caerulein in mouse and to elucidate possible mechanism of curcumin action. METHODS: Curcumin (50 mg/kg/day) was intraperitoneally injected to Kun Ming male mice for 6 days, followed by injection of caerulein to induce AP.

Author(s): 
Yu, Wen-Guang
Xu, Gang
Ren, Gui-Jie
Xu, Xia
Yuan, Hui-Qing
Qi, Xiao-Li
Tian, Ke-Li
Publication Title: 
Journal of Ethnopharmacology

Semecarpus anacardium (SA) Linn. (family Anacardiaceae), is a plant well-known for its medicinal value in Ayurveda. The nut extracts of this plant have been traditionally used as antihelminthic, anti-fungal, anti-carcinogenic and in the treatment of nervous debilities and arthritis. In this study we have evaluated crude ethanolic extract of SA nuts for its anti-inflammatory activities in vitro using peripheral blood and synovial fluid mononuclear cells of healthy individuals and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients.

Author(s): 
Singh, Divya
Aggarwal, Amita
Mathias, Amrita
Naik, Sita
Publication Title: 
Molecular Cancer Therapeutics

Pinitol (3-O-methyl-chiroinositol), a component of traditional Ayurvedic medicine (talisapatra), has been shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic activities through undefined mechanisms. Because the transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) has been linked with inflammatory diseases, including insulin resistance, we hypothesized that pinitol must mediate its effects through modulation of NF-kappaB activation pathway. We found that pinitol suppressed NF-kappaB activation induced by inflammatory stimuli and carcinogens. This suppression was not specific to cell type.

Author(s): 
Sethi, Gautam
Ahn, Kwang Seok
Sung, Bokyung
Aggarwal, Bharat B.
Publication Title: 
Cancer Research

Berberine, an isoquinoline alkaloid derived from a plant used traditionally in Chinese and Ayurvedic medicine, has been reported to exhibit chemopreventive and anti-inflammatory activities through unknown mechanism. Because of the critical role of the transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) in these processes, we investigated the effect of berberine on this pathway. We found that berberine suppressed NF-kappaB activation induced by various inflammatory agents and carcinogens. This alkaloid also suppressed constitutive NF-kappaB activation found in certain tumor cells.

Author(s): 
Pandey, Manoj K.
Sung, Bokyung
Kunnumakkara, Ajaikumar B.
Sethi, Gautam
Chaturvedi, Madan M.
Aggarwal, Bharat B.

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