Evidence-Based Medicine

Publication Title: 
Biogerontology

Experimentally imposed calorie restriction (CR) is shown to result in the most reproducible endpoint of lifespan extension in all animals models tested. In this presentation, the question of CR's effect on human longevity is reviewed by discussing data pertinent to the putative efficacy of CR on humans. Arguments are presented in support of this possibility based on CR's unique abilities to retard biological functional declines and to deter pathological processes, both of which are major targets of deleterious oxidative stress.

Author(s): 
Yu, Byung Pal
Publication Title: 
European Journal of Clinical Investigation

1. Ageing represents a great concern in developed countries because the number of people involved and the pathologies related with it, like atherosclerosis, morbus Parkinson, Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, cognitive decline, diabetes and cancer. 2. Epidemiological studies suggest that a Mediterranean diet (which is rich in virgin olive oil) decreases the risk of cardiovascular disease. 3.

Author(s): 
Perez-Jimenez, F.
Alvarez de Cienfuegos, G.
Badimon, L.
Barja, G.
Battino, M.
Blanco, A.
Bonanome, A.
Colomer, R.
Corella-Piquer, D.
Covas, I.
Chamorro-Quiros, J.
Escrich, E.
Gaforio, J. J.
Garcia Luna, P. P.
Hidalgo, L.
Kafatos, A.
Kris-Etherton, P. M.
Lairon, D.
Lamuela-Raventos, R.
Lopez-Miranda, J.
Lopez-Segura, F.
Martinez-Gonzalez, M. A.
Mata, P.
Mataix, J.
Ordovas, J.
Osada, J.
Pacheco-Reyes, R.
Perucho, M.
Pineda-Priego, M.
Quiles, J. L.
Ramirez-Tortosa, M. C.
Ruiz-Gutierrez, V.
Sanchez-Rovira, P.
Solfrizzi, V.
Soriguer-Escofet, F.
de la Torre-Fornell, R.
Trichopoulos, A.
Villalba-Montoro, J. M.
Villar-Ortiz, J. R.
Visioli, F.
Publication Title: 
Nutrition Reviews

The Mediterranean Diet has been associated with greater longevity and quality of life in epidemiological studies, the majority being observational. The application of evidence-based medicine to the area of public health nutrition involves the necessity of developing clinical trials and systematic reviews to develop sound recommendations. The purpose of this study was to analyze and review the experimental studies on Mediterranean diet and disease prevention. A systematic review was made and a total of 43 articles corresponding to 35 different experimental studies were selected.

Author(s): 
Serra-Majem, Lluis
Roman, Blanca
Estruch, RamÛn
Publication Title: 
Biogerontology

Experimentally imposed calorie restriction (CR) is shown to result in the most reproducible endpoint of lifespan extension in all animals models tested. In this presentation, the question of CR's effect on human longevity is reviewed by discussing data pertinent to the putative efficacy of CR on humans. Arguments are presented in support of this possibility based on CR's unique abilities to retard biological functional declines and to deter pathological processes, both of which are major targets of deleterious oxidative stress.

Author(s): 
Yu, Byung Pal
Publication Title: 
Biogerontology

This issue of Biogerontology addresses whether dietary restriction (DR) "...can increase longevity in all species, particularly in human beings". The possibility that DR can increase longevity in all species seems a trivial issue compared to that of DR's potential efficacy in people. The striking phylogenetic breadth of DR's longevity increasing effect supports the notion of human translatability.

Author(s): 
Weindruch, Richard
Publication Title: 
Biogerontology

In spite of the potential benefit of lifelong food restriction to retard aging and extend life span, it is unrealistic in human. The restriction late in life may be more practical. There are, however, only limited studies on the effect of late onset caloric or dietary restriction. We and other investigators have shown that the late life restriction rejuvenates some parameters that decline with age in rats and mice.

Author(s): 
Goto, Sataro
Publication Title: 
Biogerontology

This article introduces a special issue of Biogerontology, for which a number of international experts who are still active or have been active in research on the effects of dietary restriction (DR) were asked to answer the following question. Do you think that DR can increase longevity in all species, particularly in human beings? Twelve scientists responded with their opinion articles of which roughly half of them taking the position that yes, DR can be applicable to human beings, while the other half arguing for the inapplicability of DR to humans.

Author(s): 
Le Bourg, Eric
Rattan, Suredh I. S.
Publication Title: 
Interactive Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery

A best evidence topic in cardiothoracic surgery was written according to a structured protocol. The question addressed was whether restricting dietary salt intake would provide protection from adverse cardiovascular events or mortality. Using the reported search, 462 papers were identified of which 14 papers represented the best evidence on the subject. The author, journal, date and country of publication, patient group studied, study type, relevant outcomes, results and weaknesses were tabulated.

Author(s): 
Walker, Jay
MacKenzie, Alastair David
Dunning, Joel
Publication Title: 
Current Aging Science

Accumulation of oxidatively altered cell components may play a role in the age-related cell deterioration and associated diseases. Caloric restriction is the most robust anti-aging intervention that extends lifespan and retards the appearance of age-associated diseases. Autophagy is a highly conserved cell-repair process in which the cytoplasm, including excess or aberrant organelles, is sequestered into double-membrane vesicles and delivered to the degradative vacuoles. Autophagy has an essential role in adaptation to fasting and changing environmental conditions.

Author(s): 
Cavallini, Gabriella
Donati, Alessio
Gori, Zina
Bergamini, Ettore
Publication Title: 
Current Aging Science

The Mitochondrial Free Radical Theory of Aging (MFRTA) proposes that mitochondrial free radicals, produced as by-products during normal metabolism, cause oxidative damage. According to MFRTA, the accumulation of this oxidative damage is the main driving force in the aging process. Although widely accepted, this theory remains unproven, because the evidence supporting it is largely correlative. For example, long-lived animals produce fewer free radicals and have lower oxidative damage levels in their tissues. However, this does not prove that free radical generation determines life span.

Author(s): 
Sanz, Alberto
Stefanatos, Rhoda K. A.

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