Oxidative Stress

Publication Title: 
The American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis

In a 2008 pilot study we used DNA microarrays to explore the historical ideo-plastic faculty of therapeutic hypnosis. We documented how to measure changes in activity or experience-dependent gene expression over relatively brief time periods (1 hour and 24 hours) following a single intervention of therapeutic hypnosis (about 1 hour). In the present paper we utilize bioinformatic software to explore the possible meaning and significance of this ideo-plastic faculty of therapeutic hypnosis.

Author(s): 
Atkinson, David
Iannotti, Salvatore
Cozzolino, Mauro
Castiglione, Stefano
Cicatelli, Angela
Vyas, Bhaskar
Mortimer, Jane
Hill, Richard
Chovanec, Erika
Chiamberlando, Alessia
Cuadros, Jorge
Virot, Claude
Kerouac, Michel
Kallfass, Thierry
Krippner, Stanley
Frederick, Claire
Gregory, Bruce
Shaffran, Michael
Bullock, Margaret
Soleimany, Ella
Rossi, April Cybelle
Rossi, Kathryn
Rossi, Ernest
Publication Title: 
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy

We recently described a screening system designed to detect neurotoxicity of artemisinin derivatives based on primary neuronal brain stem cell cultures (G. Schmuck and R. K. Haynes, Neurotoxicity Res. 2:37-49, 2000). Here, we probe possible mechanisms of this brain stem-specific neurodegeneration, in which artemisinin-sensitive neuronal brain stem cell cultures are compared with nonsensitive cultures (cortical neurons, astrocytes). Effects on the cytoskeleton of brain stem cell cultures, but not that of cortical cell cultures, were visible after 7 days.

Author(s): 
Schmuck, Gabriele
Roehrdanz, Elke
Haynes, Richard K.
Kahl, Regine
Publication Title: 
FEBS letters

The role of haem iron (II) and oxidative stress in the activation and antimalarial activity of artemisinin is unclear. Thus, we submitted malaria parasite to modified culture conditions: artemisinin activity increased by 20-30% under an oxygen-rich atmosphere (20% O2 instead of "standard" 1% O2), and by 40-50% in the presence of carboxy-haemoglobin, and 2% carbon monoxide, conditions which inhibit haem iron (II) reactivity. In all cases, parasite growth and chloroquine activity were unaffected.

Author(s): 
Parapini, Silvia
Basilico, Nicoletta
Mondani, Monica
Olliaro, Piero
Taramelli, Donatella
Monti, Diego
Publication Title: 
BMC biotechnology

BACKGROUND: Due to the global occurrence of multi-drug-resistant malarial parasites (Plasmodium falciparum), the anti-malarial drug most effective against malaria is artemisinin, a natural product (sesquiterpene lactone endoperoxide) extracted from sweet wormwood (Artemisia annua). However, artemisinin is in short supply and unaffordable to most malaria patients. Artemisinin can be semi-synthesized from its precursor artemisinic acid, which can be synthesized from simple sugars using microorganisms genetically engineered with genes from A. annua.

Author(s): 
Ro, Dae-Kyun
Ouellet, Mario
Paradise, Eric M.
Burd, Helcio
Eng, Diana
Paddon, Chris J.
Newman, Jack D.
Keasling, Jay D.
Publication Title: 
International Journal of Cancer. Journal International Du Cancer

Analogs of the malaria therapeutic, artemisinin, possess in vitro and in vivo anticancer activity. In this study, two dimeric artemisinins (NSC724910 and 735847) were studied to determine their mechanism of action. Dimers were >1,000 fold more active than monomer and treatment was associated with increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis induction. Dimer activity was inhibited by the antioxidant L-NAC, the iron chelator desferroxamine and exogenous hemin.

Author(s): 
Stockwin, Luke H.
Han, Bingnan
Yu, Sherry X.
Hollingshead, Melinda G.
Elsohly, Mahmoud A.
Gul, Waseem
Slade, Desmond
Galal, Ahmed M.
Newton, Dianne L.
Bumke, Maja A.
Publication Title: 
Cytometry. Part A: The Journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology

The malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, develops within human erythrocytes, consuming host hemoglobin to support its own growth. Reactive oxygen species (superoxide and hydrogen peroxide) are by-products of hemoglobin digestion and are believed to exert significant oxidative stress on the parasite. We have characterized a cell permeant, far red fluorescent nucleic acid-binding dye, SYTO 61, that can be used to distinguish between uninfected and infected erythrocytes in a flow cytometric format.

Author(s): 
Fu, Ying
Tilley, Leann
Kenny, Shannon
Klonis, Nectarios
Publication Title: 
Investigational New Drugs

Recent research suggests that altered redox control of melanoma cell survival, proliferation, and invasiveness represents a chemical vulnerability that can be targeted by pharmacological modulation of cellular oxidative stress. The endoperoxide artemisinin and semisynthetic artemisinin-derivatives including dihydroartemisinin (DHA) constitute a major class of antimalarials that kill plasmodium parasites through induction of iron-dependent oxidative stress.

Author(s): 
Cabello, Christopher M.
Lamore, Sarah D.
Bair, Warner B.
Qiao, Shuxi
Azimian, Sara
Lesson, Jessica L.
Wondrak, Georg T.
Publication Title: 
Molecular Cancer Therapeutics

Artesunate, the active agent from Artemisia annua L. used in the traditional Chinese medicine, is being applied as a first-line drug for malaria treatment, and trials are ongoing that include this drug in cancer therapy. Despite increasing interest in its therapeutic application, the mode of cell killing provoked by artesunate in human cells is unknown. Here, we show that artesunate is a powerful inducer of oxidative DNA damage, giving rise to formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase-sensitive sites and the formation of 8-oxoguanine and 1,N6-ethenoadenine.

Author(s): 
Berdelle, Nicole
Nikolova, Teodora
Quiros, Steve
Efferth, Thomas
Kaina, Bernd
Publication Title: 
Molecular Medicine (Cambridge, Mass.)

Semisynthetic artemisinin-based therapies are the first-line treatment for P. falciparum malaria, but next-generation synthetic drug candidates are urgently required to improve availability and respond to the emergence of artemisinin-resistant parasites. Artemisinins are embryotoxic in animal models and induce apoptosis in sensitive mammalian cells. Understanding the cytotoxic propensities of antimalarial drug candidates is crucial to their successful development and utilization.

Author(s): 
Copple, Ian M.
Mercer, Amy E.
Firman, James
Donegan, Gail
Herpers, Bram
Wong, Michael Hl
Chadwick, James
Bringela, Andreia D.
Cristiano, Maria L. S.
van de Water, Bob
Ward, Stephen A.
O'Neill, Paul M.
Park, B. Kevin
Publication Title: 
International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Essential oils extracted from aromatic plants exhibit important biological activities and have become increasingly important for the development of aromatherapy for complementary and alternative medicine. The essential oil extracted from Cinnamomum cassia Presl (CC-EO) has various functional properties; however, little information is available regarding its anti-tyrosinase and anti-melanogenic activities. In this study, 16 compounds in the CC-EO have been identified; the major components of this oil are cis-2-methoxycinnamic acid (43.06%) and cinnamaldehyde (42.37%).

Author(s): 
Chou, Su-Tze
Chang, Wen-Lun
Chang, Chen-Tien
Hsu, Shih-Lan
Lin, Yu-Che
Shih, Ying

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