4-Butyrolactone

Publication Title: 
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy

Quorum sensing (QS) is a key regulator of virulence and biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other medically relevant bacteria. Aqueous extracts of six plants, Conocarpus erectus, Chamaesyce hypericifolia, Callistemon viminalis, Bucida buceras, Tetrazygia bicolor, and Quercus virginiana, were examined in this study for their effects on P. aeruginosa virulence factors and the QS system. C. erectus, B. buceras, and C. viminalis caused a significant inhibition of LasA protease, LasB elastase, pyoverdin production, and biofilm formation.

Author(s): 
Adonizio, Allison
Kong, Kok-Fai
Mathee, Kalai
Publication Title: 
Journal of Natural Products

Monomeric phthalides such as Z-ligustilide (1) and Z-butylidenephthalide (2) are major constituents of medicinal plants of the Apiaceae family. While 1 has been associated with a variety of observed biological effects, it is also known for its instability and rapid chemical degradation. For the purpose of isolating pure 1 and 2, a gentle and rapid two-step countercurrent isolation procedure was developed.

Author(s): 
Schinkovitz, Andreas
Pro, Samuel M.
Main, Matthew
Chen, Shao-Nong
Jaki, Birgit U.
Lankin, David C.
Pauli, Guido F.
Publication Title: 
Chemical Research in Toxicology

The roots of Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels (Dang Gui; Apiaceae) have a long history in traditional Chinese medicine as a remedy for women's disorders and are often called "lady's ginseng". Currently, extracts of A. sinensis are commonly included in numerous dietary supplements used for women's health and as antiaging products. In the present study, we examined the potential chemopreventive activity of A. sinensis extracts by measuring the relative ability to induce the detoxification enzyme, NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1).

Author(s): 
Dietz, Birgit M.
Liu, Dongting
Hagos, Ghenet K.
Yao, Ping
Schinkovitz, Andreas
Pro, Samuel M.
Deng, Shixin
Farnsworth, Norman R.
Pauli, Guido F.
van Breemen, Richard B.
Bolton, Judy L.
Publication Title: 
Journal of Ethnopharmacology

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Our previous work has demonstrated that several plants in the Piperaceae family are commonly used by the Q'eqchi Maya of Livingston, Guatemala to treat amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, and pain. Extracts of Piper hispidum Swingle (Piperaceae), bound to the estrogen (ER) and serotonin (5-HT7) receptors. AIM OF THE STUDY: To investigate the estrogenic and serotonergic activities of Piper hispidum extracts in functionalized assays, identify the active chemical constituents in the leaf extract, and test these compounds as agonists or antagonists of ER and 5-HT7.

Author(s): 
Michel, Joanna L.
Chen, Yegao
Zhang, Hongjie
Huang, Yue
Krunic, Aleksej
Orjala, Jimmy
Veliz, Mario
Soni, Kapil K.
Soejarto, Djaja Doel
Cáceres, Armando
Perez, Alice
Mahady, Gail B.
Publication Title: 
Phytomedicine: International Journal of Phytotherapy and Phytopharmacology

Virulent factors produced by pathogens play an important role in the infectious process, which is regulated by a cell-to-cell communication mechanism called quorum sensing (QS). Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important opportunistic human pathogen, which causes infections in patients with compromised immune systems and cystic fibrosis. The QS systems of P. aeruginosa use N-acylated homoserine lactone (AHL) as signal molecules. Previously we have demonstrated that Panax ginseng treatment allowed the animals with P. aeruginosa pneumonia to effectively clear the bacterial infection.

Author(s): 
Song, Z.
Kong, K. F.
Wu, H.
Maricic, N.
Ramalingam, B.
Priestap, H.
Schneper, L.
Quirke, J. M. E.
Høiby, N.
Mathee, K.
Publication Title: 
The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics

Prostaglandins (PGs) are a family of cellular messengers exerting diverse homeostatic and pathophysiologic effects. Recently, several studies reported significant increases of PGI(2) and PGF(2α) after the inhibition of microsomal PGE synthase-1 (mPGES-1) expression, which indicated that PGH(2) metabolism might be redistributed when the PGE(2) pathway is blocked.

Author(s): 
Yu, Rui
Xiao, Lei
Zhao, Guiqing
Christman, John W.
van Breemen, Richard B.
Publication Title: 
The Journal of Nutrition

Isoflavones and lignans are plant-derived dietary compounds generally believed to be beneficial to human health. We investigated the extent to which sociodemographic (age, sex, race-ethnicity, education, and income) and lifestyle variables (smoking, alcohol consumption, BMI, physical activity, and dietary supplement use) were correlates of spot urine concentration for daidzein, genistein, O-desmethylangolensin (DMA), equol, enterodiol, and enterolactone in the U.S. population aged ≥ 20 y (NHANES 2003-2006).

Author(s): 
Rybak, Michael E.
Sternberg, Maya R.
Pfeiffer, Christine M.
Publication Title: 
Acta Pharmacologica Sinica

AIM: To analyze the volatile chemical components of the herbal pair Rhizoma Ligustici chuanxiong-Radix paeoniae rubra (RLC-RPR) and compare them with those of each of the herbs alone. METHODS: Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), a chemometric resolution technique using the heuristic evolving latent projections (HELP) method, and the overall volume integration method were used.

Author(s): 
Li, Xiao-Ru
Liang, Yi-Zeng
Guo, Fang-Qiu
Publication Title: 
Chemical Research in Toxicology

The roots of Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels (Dang Gui; Apiaceae) have a long history in traditional Chinese medicine as a remedy for women's disorders and are often called "lady's ginseng". Currently, extracts of A. sinensis are commonly included in numerous dietary supplements used for women's health and as antiaging products. In the present study, we examined the potential chemopreventive activity of A. sinensis extracts by measuring the relative ability to induce the detoxification enzyme, NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1).

Author(s): 
Dietz, Birgit M.
Liu, Dongting
Hagos, Ghenet K.
Yao, Ping
Schinkovitz, Andreas
Pro, Samuel M.
Deng, Shixin
Farnsworth, Norman R.
Pauli, Guido F.
van Breemen, Richard B.
Bolton, Judy L.
Publication Title: 
The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a devastating stroke subtype accounting for approximately 3 to 7% of cases each year. Despite its rarity among the various stroke types, SAH is still responsible for approximately 25% of all stroke fatalities. Although various preventative and therapeutic interventions have been explored for potential neuroprotection after SAH, a considerable percentage of patients still experience serious neurologic and/or cognitive impairments as a result of the primary hemorrhage and/or secondary brain damage that occurs.

Author(s): 
Chen, Di
Tang, Jiping
Khatibi, Nikan H.
Zhu, Mei
Li, Yingbo
Wang, Chengyuan
Jiang, Rong
Tu, Liu
Wang, Shali

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