Child, Preschool

Publication Title: 
South African Medical Journal = Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif Vir Geneeskunde

Of all the theories purporting to uncover the roots of childhood behaviour and its extension into adult behaviour, the most cogent relates to the physical and psychological bonds of attachment between infant and mother. It is helpful to divide the human lifespan into three periods, each of which has alternating phases of attachment and detachment.

Author(s): 
Levin, S.
Publication Title: 
Child Development

Six match-to-sample picture/object selection experiments were designed to explore children's knowledge about superordinate words (e.g., "food") and how they acquire this knowledge. Three factors were found to influence the learning and extension of superordinate words in 3- to 5-year-old children (N = 230): The number of standards (one versus two), the type of standards presented (from different basic-level categories versus from the same basic-level category), and the nature of the object representations used (pictures versus objects).

Author(s): 
Liu, J.
Golinkoff, R. M.
Sak, K.
Publication Title: 
Aging Cell

To identify new genetic regulators of cellular aging and senescence, we performed genome-wide comparative RNA profiling with selected human cellular model systems, reflecting replicative senescence, stress-induced premature senescence, and distinct other forms of cellular aging. Gene expression profiles were measured, analyzed, and entered into a newly generated database referred to as the GiSAO database.

Author(s): 
Laschober, Gerhard T.
Ruli, Doris
Hofer, Edith
Muck, Christoph
Carmona-Gutierrez, Didac
Ring, Julia
Hutter, Eveline
Ruckenstuhl, Christoph
Micutkova, Lucia
Brunauer, Regina
Jamnig, Angelika
Trimmel, Daniela
Herndler-Brandstetter, Dietmar
Brunner, Stefan
Zenzmaier, Christoph
Sampson, Natalie
Breitenbach, Michael
Frˆhlich, Kai-Uwe
Grubeck-Loebenstein, Beatrix
Berger, Peter
Wieser, Matthias
Grillari-Voglauer, Regina
Thallinger, Gerhard G.
Grillari, Johannes
Trajanoski, Zlatko
Madeo, Frank
Lepperdinger, G¸nter
Jansen-D¸rr, Pidder
Publication Title: 
Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology

OBJECTIVE: Fluoride was first added to the Australian water supply in 1953, and by 2003, 69% of Australia's population was receiving the minimum recommended dose. Extending coverage of fluoridation to all remaining communities of at least 1000 people is a key strategy of Australia's National Oral Health Plan 2004-2013. We evaluate the cost-effectiveness of this strategy from an Australian health sector perspective. METHODS: Health gains from the prevention of caries in the Australian population are modelled over the average 15-year lifespan of a treatment plant.

Author(s): 
Cobiac, Linda J.
Vos, Theo
Publication Title: 
Developmental Science

Implicit skill learning underlies obtaining not only motor, but also cognitive and social skills through the life of an individual. Yet, the ontogenetic changes in humans' implicit learning abilities have not yet been characterized, and, thus, their role in acquiring new knowledge efficiently during development is unknown. We investigated such learning across the lifespan, between 4 and 85 years of age with an implicit probabilistic sequence learning task, and we found that the difference in implicitly learning high- vs.

Author(s): 
Janacsek, Karolina
Fiser, JÛzsef
Nemeth, Dezso
Publication Title: 
Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology

During development and aging, vascular remodeling represents a critical adaptive response to modifications in oxygen supply to tissues. Hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) has a crucial role and is modulated by oxygen levels, with an age-dependent response in neonates, adult, and aged people. ROS are generated under hypoxic conditions and the accumulation of free radicals during life reduces the ability of tissues to their removal.

Author(s): 
Zara, S.
Pokorski, M.
Cataldi, A.
Porzionato, A.
De Caro, R.
Antosiewicz, J.
Di Giulio, C.
Publication Title: 
American Journal of Medical Genetics

We report on 2 unusual cases of the campomelic syndrome, the first being a fetus in whom the diagnosis was suspected in the 18th week and confirmed sonographically at 20 weeks. The second case concerns a 5 year old 46, XY girl with an exceptional longevity and a relatively favorable evolution.

Author(s): 
Gillerot, Y.
Vanheck, C. A.
Foulon, M.
Podevain, A.
Koulischer, L.
Publication Title: 
Biogerontology

The exceptional longevity of centenarians is due in part to inherited genetic factors, as deduced from data that show that first degree relatives of centenarians live longer and have reduced overall mortality. In recent years, a number of groups have performed genetic association studies on long-living individuals (LLI) and young controls to identify alleles that are either positively or negatively selected in the centenarian population as consequence of a demographic pressure. Many of the reported studies have shown genetic loci associated with longevity.

Author(s): 
Novelli, Valeria
Viviani Anselmi, Chiara
Roncarati, Roberta
Guffanti, Guia
Malovini, Alberto
Piluso, Giulio
Puca, Annibale Alessandro
Publication Title: 
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery

OBJECTIVE: Postsurgical atrioventricular block may complicate surgery for congenital heart defects and is generally considered permanent when persisting longer than 14 days after surgery. In this study, we evaluate the occurrence of spontaneous late recovery of atrioventricular conduction in postsurgical chronic atrioventricular block and discuss its clinical implications. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed all cardiac surgical procedures on cardiopulmonary bypass between January 1993 and November 2010 in subjects younger than 18 years.

Author(s): 
van Geldorp, Irene E.
Vanagt, Ward Y.
Vugts, Guusje
Willems, Rik
Rega, Filip
Gewillig, Marc
Delhaas, Tammo
Publication Title: 
PLoS biology

An increasing number of genes required for mitochondrial biogenesis, dynamics, or function have been found to be mutated in metabolic disorders and neurological diseases such as Leigh Syndrome. In a forward genetic screen to identify genes required for neuronal function and survival in Drosophila photoreceptor neurons, we have identified mutations in the mitochondrial methionyl-tRNA synthetase, Aats-met, the homologue of human MARS2. The fly mutants exhibit age-dependent degeneration of photoreceptors, shortened lifespan, and reduced cell proliferation in epithelial tissues.

Author(s): 
Bayat, Vafa
Thiffault, Isabelle
Jaiswal, Manish
TÈtreault, Martine
Donti, Taraka
Sasarman, Florin
Bernard, GeneviËve
Demers-Lamarche, Julie
Dicaire, Marie-JosÈe
Mathieu, Jean
Vanasse, Michel
Bouchard, Jean-Pierre
Rioux, Marie-France
Lourenco, Charles M.
Li, Zhihong
Haueter, Claire
Shoubridge, Eric A.
Graham, Brett H.
Brais, Bernard
Bellen, Hugo J.

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